Explosion-motor.



J. MAcOONAGHY, DEOD. (amass) n. M. a; J. mcoomen, HEIEBSSES.

EXPLOSION MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1910. l,083,1 1 1. Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. MAoGONAG-HY, DEGD. (mans) n. M. & J. mooomeny, nmnnssns.

EXPLOSION MOTOR.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1910. 1,083,1 1 1. Patented Dec. 30, 1913. 3 SHEETSSHBET 2. m1 a m Q p' v J. MAOGONAGHY, DEOD. (mews) E. M. a J. MABOONAGEY, nmnnssns. EXPLOSION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 16, 1910. 1,0881 1 1 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- F1g.5.

47711/7/YEKS' Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

UNITED STATES P JAMES MAOCONAGHY, OF BOULOGNE-SUR-MER, FRANCE; (MISSES ELIZABETH MARY MACGONAGHY AND JANE :MACCONAGHY, HEIRESSES OF SAID JAMES MACCONAGHY,

DECEASED.

EXPLOSIONFMOTOR.

Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

Application filed September 16, 1910. Serial No. 582,308.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES MAoCoNAGHY, of 44 Rue Victor Hugo, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, Republic of France, have invented an Explosion-Motor, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact descrip tion.

The present invention has for its object an explosion motor of the multiple cylinder type, capable of developing a great horse power under a small volume and applicable, by this fact, either to motor vehicles, or to apparatus for aerial locomotion. This form of motor comprises one or more groups of two superposed cylinders; the two cylinders of each group communicate with one another by a large conduit-pipe, arranged at the end opposite to that where the ignition is produced and the liquid fuel and the air are also admitted in the cylinders by the end opposite to that Where the ignition is effected. The pistonsanoving in thecylinders are movable on their rods, so as to permit, concurrently with a valve with which each piston, is provided, the admission of the explosive mixture in front of the latter. The rods of each of the pistons control directly the air inlet valve which is placed in a housing; the liquid fuel is admitted directly'by these two valves or by one of them only. A rotary valve placed at the end of each of the cylinders and controlled by a cam, allows the escape of the exhaust gases; this valve can also play the part of a make-andbreak mechanism. The piston rods are controlled bv a slide of special construction and these rods are hollow on a part of their length and are provided with holes permitting the es cape of the .gases on the return of the piston, so as to insure the opening of the air inlet valve when the piston again moves forward. Finally, a pressure lubricating device insures a suitable lubrication of the inner parts of the motor.

The invention is illustrated, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows, partly in elevation and partly in vertical section a motor provided with fourcylinders; Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan view; Fig. 3 is a cross vertical section, made according to line AA of Fig. 1, showing the concluit-pipe putting the two cylinders into communication with one another; Fig. 4 is another vertical section, made according to line BB of Fig. 1, showing the rotary valves; Figs. 5 and 6 are two I secured, by =cramps a*, to the frame a of the, motor.' The superposed cylinders a and a, on the one hand, and a a on the other hand, communicate between them by a large conduit-pipe I) placed at the end oppo-' site to that where the ignition of the explosive mixture is to be effected. Inside the cylinders a a a and a can move pistons c c c and 0 moved along by rods'd d 'd and (i secured on a slide 6 in which engages the cranked part of the motor shaft 6 As shown in the drawings, the slide a is inclined, so as to avoid the dead center, always presenting an oblique surface to the shaft 6 The pistons c c c and c are not secured on the rods d d J and (Z said pistons are .movable relatively to these rods to which they are connected in the following manner :At the end of each of the'rods d is secured a metal disk f which engages within the body of the piston and upon which the latter can take a bearing. The diameter of the disk f is smaller than that of the inner part of the piston 0, so as to permit the explosive mixture to pass in front of the piston, as will be seen hereafter. The displacement of, the piston, relatively to its actuating rod, is limited by one or more abutments f secured inside the said piston (Figs. 1, 5 and 6).

Each of the pistons c c c 0 is provided with a central opening 9 which may be closed inside the piston by the end of the actuating rod '01 d d or (Z and outside the said piston by a-valve hthe rod h of which,

passing through the opening 9, is engaged in a hollow part formed to that effect in each of the rods 65 d The displacement of each ofv the valves h is limited by an abutment 7L suitably secured on the corresponding rod 03.

The liquid fuel and the air are admitted in the cylinders a a a and a by means of valves 5 arranged behind the conduit-pipe b putttng each group of cylinders into communication with one another and, consequently, at the part opposite to that where the ignition is efi'ected. One of the piston rods passes through each of the valves 2' and each valve is mounted somewhat'frictionally on this rod, so as to be moved along by the latter. Each of the valves 2' is located in a housing j and saidvalves can close an annular opening 70 provided in the head of the cylinder and formed around the piston rod. For each group of cylinders, the two valves i always admit air. In the example illustrated in the drawings only one of the valves admits the combustible liquid. The latter, supplied by a pipe Z perforated with small orifices, is simply sucked in when. the valve 5 opens. This arrangement permits to do away with the carbureter and the accessories of the latter. In certain cases, the combustible liquid can be admitted by the two valves 2' of each group of cylinders.

At the front part of each cylinder, that Is to say at the part opposite to that where the admission of theexplosive mixture takes place, is arranged a rotary valve m provided with openings m which, when successively brought opposite an exhaust hole m in the cylinder at a a? or a permit-s the escape ofthe exhaust gases. This valve m is conical and controlled by a cam n mounted on an axis a receiving a rotary motion from the motor by means of a shaft 7)? and of suitably arranged pinions 01. The same cam n controls the two rotary valves of the same group of cylinders, through the me, dium of disks '71. mounted on each of the rods m of the valves m; said disks are provided with semi-spherical projections mengaged in slots in the cam. Each of the disks n is arranged between two springs 0 and can move on the rod m of the aalve m, so as to allow the latter to move slightly.inside the cylinder if, by "reason of the heat produced bythe explosions, it should expand.

The rotary valve thus arranged can constitute a make-and-break intended to produce the electric spark determining the ignition of the explosive mixture. To that effect each valve m is internally provided with- I is as follows taking, as example, the two cylinders a and a forming one of the groups and referring to Figs. 7 to 14- of the drawings: Supposing the pistons are at the end of their stroke, the cylinder a at the compression cycle and the cylindera .at the exhaust, cycle, as shown in Fig. 7, if these pistons move forward as illustrated Fig. 8 their rods move along the valves 2' which latter open. The air and the combustible liquid are admitted in the two cylinders and the mixture can pass from one cylinder to the other through the conduit-pipe b. When the pistons 0 and 0 come to the end of their stroke, the compressed mixture contained in the cylinder a is ignited and the valve m of the cylinder a}, which was at the exhaust cycle, rotates, closing the opening m of said cylinder (Fig. 9). Under the action of the explosion of the explosive mixture, the pistons a and 0 move backward, as shown in Fig. 10, and the valves 6 are closed. The gases thus produced press the valve 72. of the piston 0 oil to its seat and this piston itself is pressed on to the disk f. i The piston c pushes back the explosive mixture previously admit-ted. These fresh gases, passing throughthe conduit-pipeYa, are sent into the cylinder a and, acting upon the inner face of the piston 0 drive the latter forward the distance it moves on its rod. The gases passing around the disk f and through the opening 9 push the valve h which opens, as illustrated in Fig. 6. The fresh gases thus pass therefore in front of the piston 0 into the cylinder a until the pistons c and e have arrived to the end of their stroke. At this moment, the pistons are brought back to'the,

I front and the valves 2' open. The cylinder a comes to the exhaustcycle while fresh gas,

contained in'the cylinder a is compressed,

as shown in Fig. 11 and presses the valve 7; against the piston c and the latter against the disk f. During this time,.a new charge of fresh gas is admitted into the two cylinders a and a When the two pistons c and 0 come to the end of their stroke, thecompressed mixture is ignited in the cylinder ('1 (Fig. 12). driven backward, the inlet valve h of the piston c is closed and the fresh gases previously admitted are driven backward through the conduit-pipe 6 into the cylinder a. These gases displace the piston c and its valve k and pass in front of the said piston,

The pistons c and c are then as indicated in Fig. 13. When they are at the end of their stroke, the pistons c and 0 return to the front, the explosive mixture is compressed in the cylinder at and the ex haustgases escape from the cylinder (1 as shown in Fig. 14 and the same cycle as that just described is repeated. It is of course understood that the cycle is reproduced also in the cylinders a and a On the return backward of the pistons c and c, in order to prevent the latter from compressing at the end of their stroke a certain quantity of gas in the housings j, which wouldhave for eifect to prevent the immediate opening of the valves z, the piston rods d d d and 0Z are each providedwit-h two holes 7 and 9. These holes open into the hollow part of the rod and they are so arranged that, when the piston is at the end of its stroke, the hole 1'- is brought outside the cylinder and consequently opens at the exterior. In these conditions the gases which might be compressed in the housings, pass through the hole 7, the hollow part of the rod d, the hole '7' and escape in the atmosphere. When the piston moves again forward, the valve, not being subjected to any pressure, immediately opens in order to permit the admission of the liquid fuel and the air.- The different inner parts of each group of cylinders are lubricated by means of a lubricating device of the following construction.

Between the two groups of cylinders a a and a a and above these cylinders is arranged a tank or vessel 8 receiving the lubrieating oil. This tank communicates by means of two curved pipes s and 8 with the upper part of thecylinders a and a A ball-valve s is suitably arranged in the middle of these pipes (Fig. 1). On the other hand, at the lower part of the cylinders a and a open two pipes t and't the other end of which,'provided with a ballvalve 15 engages in an auxiliary box a or 'u hermetically closed by a stopper. Another pipe -v leads from this auxiliary box t or t to a multiple way-cock '0 on which are branched two pipes to to connecting this cock with the tank 8. The cock *0 carries a handle 11 which is controlled by two tappets a: and respectively secured on the piston rodsd and (1 By examining the group of cylinders 02 a, (Fig. 1) it will be seen that, when the pistons move forward, the oil contained in.the tank .9 is sucked in,-the valve 8 is lifted and the oil enters in the cylinder a and in the cylinder a bypassing through the conduitpipe 5. When the pistons again move backward, this oil is pushed back with a certain quantity of gas in the auxiliary box a, then, passing through the pipe '0, the cockv which at this time is open, and the pipe w, enters the tank 8, where the gas which was driven along exerts a pressure on the oil contained therein. Upon a new stroke of the pistons, the valve 8 opens, while the valve t closes and the oil is again brought along under pressure through the pipe 8 Ateach displacement of the piston rods, the cock is opened by means of the handle 1: and of the tappets a" and M, so as to permit to put the auxiliary boxes at and a into communication with the pipes 10 and w and, consequently, with the tank s. In order to avoid this tank being subjected to a too high pressure of the gases which are pushed back therein, a valve 3/ opens automatically when a determined pressure is reached.

In the example illustrated Figs. 1 to 6, the motor comprises two groups of two cylinders, but it is to be understood that this number could be increased at will, by suitably bending the shaft e The motor could also comprise only two vertically arranged cylinders, as shown in Fig. 15 of the draw- The present system of-motor develops a great horse power under a small volume, by reason of the mode of admissionof the explosive mixture by the part of the cylinders opposite to that where the ignition is pro duced, as this mixture being admitted at a relatively low temperature, a greater quantity of fresh gas can enter the cylinder. Moreover, the explosive mixture being driven away from the two cylinders to the front of the piston of one of these cylinders, this mixture is subjected to a first compression and is afterward compressed a second time by the return to the front of the same-piston, previously to the ignition. A much more considerable volume of .compressed explosive gas can thus beobtained than with the simple suction and compression systems, ordinarily used in explosive motors. On the other hand, the pressure lubricating device permits to obtain a per-- fect lubrication of the inner parts of the motor.

The above arrangements are only given by way of example, the forms, dimensions and details may vary without modifying the principle of the invention.

Claims:

1. In an explosion motor, a pair of superimposed cylinders communicating with each other at one end, inlets for the liquid fuel and air at the same end of the cylinders, an ignition device at the ends of the cylinders opposite that which the air and fuel inlets are arranged, and a valved piston in each of the said cylinders.

2. In an explosion motor, hollow pistons in the cylinders and movable on the ends of their rods, the pistons having central openings, disks secured on the'ends of the piston rods Within the pistons, each disk being of a diameter less than the internal diameter. of the piston, abutments secured to the inner faces of the pistons, and a valve for controlling the opening of each piston, said valves operating with the pistons to admit the explosive mixture in front of said piston.

3. In an explosion motor, groups of cylinders, each cylinder having a housing at one end, a piston in each cylinder, valves permitting the a dmissionof liquid fuel and air to the cylinders, each of these valves being frictionally mounted upon one of the piston rods and located in. a housing limiting its I .one end of thecylin er around the piston rod, a housing within thecylinder at the said inlet, a valve loosely mounted on the piston rod within the'housing and controlling said inlet, and an igniting device at the end of the cylinder opposite that having the fuel inlet.

, 6. In an explosion motor, a cylinder, a

valved piston in the cylinder, means for admitting fuel at one end of the cylinder, an igniting device at the opposite end of the cylinder, and an exhaust valve at the end of the cylinder having the igniting device and controlling the said igniting device.

7. In an explosion motor, a cylinder, apiston in the cylinder and having a piston rod upon the ends of which it has limited sliding. movement, said piston having an opening therein and provided with means for permitting the passage of the explosive mixture in front of it, a valve slidably connected with the piston rod and controlling the opening of the iston, means for admitting fuel at one end cylinder.

8. In an explosion motor, a cylinder, a

piston rod having a bore in its end'and pro- -movement on the the piston rod and vided With a flange adjacent to said end, a

cup shaped piston having limited sliding rovided with an opening in its bottom into which the end of the piston rod is adapted 'to enter, a valve adapted to engage the outer.

face of the bottom of the cup-shaped piston and having a stem extending into and slidably held in the bore of the piston rod, means for admitting fuel at one end of the cylinder, and an igniting device at the 0pposite end of the cylinder.

9. In an explosion motor, a cylinder, a-

valVed piston in the cylinder, means for admitting fuel at one end of the cylinder,

ton rod in the said housing,

of the cylinder, and an igniting-device at the opposite end of the an igniting device at the other end of the cylinder, and a rotary exhaust valveat the end of the cylinder having the igniting device and carrying a member of the said ignitin device.

10. 11 an explosion motor, a cylinder hav ing a housing at one end, a piston rod extending into the cylinder through the housing, said pist-onrod being hollow for a portion of its length and provided with lateral openings, the opening in the cylinder through which the piston rod extends forming a fuel inlet,"a valve mounted looselyon the pisa valved piston on the piston rod, and an igniting dee vice atthe end of the cylinder opposite that havin the housing. 1

11. 11 an explosion motor, a cylinder, a piston havin limited sliding movement on the end of t e piston rod and havin an opening therein, said piston being provided with meansfor permitting the passage of the explosive mixture in front of it, and a valve at the outer face of the piston for closing the opening thereof, said valve having a stem slidably connected with the pis ton rod.

12.. In an explosion motor, a cylinder,

. a piston rod having a bore in one end, a pisliniited sliding movement on the ton havin d and provided with an opening piston ro into which the end of the piston rod is adapted to enter, and a valve for closing the openin of the piston and havin its stem slidabIy held in the bore of the piston rod.

13. In an explosion motor, a cylinder, a

piston rod having a bore in one end and provided with spaced openings leading into the bore, a piston having limited sliding movement on the piston rod and provided with an openin into which the end of the piston rod is a apted to enter,- and a valve at the outer face of the pisto'n'and having its stem slidably held in the bore of the piston rod, said valve being adapted to close the openin of the piston at the time the piston rod is in the opening of the piston.

The foregoing specification of my ex-. plosion motor signed by me this second day of September, 1910..

JAMES; MACGONAGHY.

Witnesses:

JAMES B. MILNER, EMILE. DUTERTRE. 

